没有电视,大多数人从四个来源中的一个得到他们的新闻:八卦,电影,报纸,或收音机,而且通常是从他们所有的组合。广播也是维持一个国家情绪的重要武器,轻音乐、娱乐和喜剧节目与新闻同等重要。它也可以是教育性的:每天早晨,BBC都会运行一个名为“厨房前线”的节目,帮助人们充分利用口粮。
(Without television, most people get their news from one of four sources: gossip, the cinema, newspapers, or the radio, and most often from a combination of them all. The radio is also a significant weapon in the battle to maintain a nation’s mood, with light music, entertainment, and comedy programming as equally important as the news. It can also be educational: every morning, the BBC runs a programme called “Kitchen Front” to help people make the most of their rations.)
无线电也可以用于宣传目的,轴心国和盟国在整个战争期间都利用这一事实,有些比其他更成功。1939年9月,霍华德勋爵在他的节目《德国召唤》中开始从德国向英国和美国广播。这个别名,被许多广播公司使用,最常用来指威廉乔伊斯,一个爱尔兰裔美国法西斯。英国有自己的宣传广播节目,其中“黑色”广播电台由政治战执行官(PWE)负责,特别是丹尼斯·塞夫顿·德尔默(Denis Sefton Delmer)。不过,英国广播公司并没有参与任何不正当的宣传传播,以确保其国际信誉不受损害。
(Radio can also be harnessed for propaganda purposes, and both the Axis and the Allies make use of this fact throughout the war, some more successfully than others. In September 1939, Lord Haw Haw begins broadcasting from Germany to Great Britain and America in his programme “Germany Calling”. The alias, used by many broadcasters, is most often used to refer to William Joyce, an Irish-American fascist. Britain runs its own propaganda radio programmes, with “black” radio stations taken care of by the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), and in particular Denis Sefton Delmer. The BBC, however, is not involved in any underhanded propaganda dissemination in order to ensure that its international reputation for trustworthiness is not compromised.)
(Loose Lips)
当各国声称为自由而战时,新闻审查是一个不受欢迎的概念。在英国,一旦宣战,新闻部就采取新闻审查制度,防止任何可能损害公众士气的新闻项目的发布或广播,尽管英国广播公司被允许对其电台广播进行自我审查,并且不评论新闻项目。
(Censorship of the press is an unwelcome concept when countries claim to be fighting for freedom. In Britain, the Ministry of Information takes on press censorship as soon as war is declared, preventing the publication or broadcast of any news item that could damage public morale, although the BBC is allowed to self-censor its radio broadcasts and refrains from commenting on news items.)