作者 主题: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96  (阅读 8813 次)

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【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 20:40:13 »
小组战术
尽管觉醒带来了新的历史和变化,但是小组战术的核心理念自它们诞生后的一个世纪以来基本保持不变。即使在应用中整合了魔法和矩阵,小组战术的也始终围绕着以战斗力来达成目标。是的,这个说法听起来十分地军事化,因为那正是此概念的来源。
那些军方以外的组织,包括帮派,警察,当然还有狂奔者,都根据他们的需要采纳并调整了小组战术。随着矩阵和技能软件的推广,现在只需要几个好哥们加上几把枪就可以实施小组战术(毫无常识也无妨,但有则更佳)。如果使用得当,战术将稳健并且有效。

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SMALL UNIT
TACTICS: BASICS
    Despite recent history and changes because of the Awakening, the core concepts of small-unit tactics have remained mostly unchanged since their inception over a century ago. Even with magic and the Matrix integration, small-unit tactics still revolve around the use of combat power to achieve an objective. And yes this will sound overtly military for a while, because that’s where the concept came from.
    Groups outside of the military—including gangs,police, and, of course, shadowrunners—have adopted and adapted small-unit tactics to suit their needs. With the proliferation of the Matrix and skillsoft technology,small-unit tactics can now be employed by anyone with a group of chummers and a few guns (common sense optional but preferred). The methodology of small-unit tactics remains sound and effective if used properly.
« 上次编辑: 2023-10-09, 周一 14:38:25 由 阿飘 »

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #1 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 20:42:54 »
【小单位战术的关键概念和定义】
战斗力:小组战术学说中包括四种主要能力:机动力、攻击力、防护力和指挥力。

机动力:这是在武器火力支持下的,团队或者小组移动。进行机动的目的一般来说都是摧毁目标,占领一个目标点,或者消除威胁。

攻击力:也被简称为“火力”,这是对一个目标或者物体进行直接攻击的力量。它包括但不只局限于军火(枪),弹射武器(弓/弩),投掷物或者发射器(手榴弹/火箭弹),和攻击性魔法。通过黑客或者是超链者能力对矩阵进行攻击也被认为是攻击力。

防护力:关系到每一个战斗者和队员的安危。这包括了只携带用于任务中击败和摧毁敌人的必要品。可以通过安全措施、小组/小队间距、掩护/隐蔽物、伪装、欺骗或者通过任何必要手段压制敌军火力来完成。

领导力:协调小队/小组努力达成一个任务或者目标的权威与能力。它还指领导者完成所说的任务和目标的能力。
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KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
OF SMALL UNIT TACTICS
Combat Power: The doctrine of small-unit tactics that guides the use of force and comprises four elements: maneuver,firepower, protection, and leadership.

Maneuver: This is the movement undertaken by a group/unit that is enabled and supported by weapons fire. The goal of maneuvers generally is to destroy a target, capture an objective, or neutralize a threat.

Firepower: Also referred to simply as “fire,” this is the direct offensive force used against a target or objective. It includes but is not limited to: firearms (guns), projectile weapons (bows/crossbows), thrown or launched weapons(grenades/rockets), and offensive magic. The offensive use of hacking programs or technomancer abilities to through the Matrix is also considered firepower.

Protection: Concerns the overall well-being of the individual combatant or team member. This includes carrying only what is required to defeat or neutralize enemy fire on a mission. This can be done through security measures, unit/team dispersion,cover/concealment, camouflage, deception, or suppression of enemy weapons through any means necessary.

Leadership: The authority given and abilities used to coordinate all efforts within the team/unit to ensure the success of a mission or objective. It also refers to the ability of the leader to accomplish said tasks and objectives.
« 上次编辑: 2023-10-09, 周一 13:59:41 由 阿飘 »

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #2 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 20:48:28 »
任务
    不管约翰逊先生为了什么而雇佣你们,小组战术的意图或者目的都是接近敌人并通过机动与射击来打败他们。过去,大多数所谓专家都认为尽管作战单位可能具有科技优势,但都只能通过近距离交火才能获得胜利。但是那是在魔法和无人机科技被推广之前。尽管两者都有优点,但是它们仍有着特有的局限性和缺点。这使他们成为了小队中的重要组成,但却通常以支援或者是加强战斗力的身份出现。在某些情况下,直接战斗者仍然必须向目标投射火力。

    实际上,除了精确的火力和机动之外,成功也取决于其他因素。在战术情况下灵活恰当地变通是至关重要的,因为俗话说——计划赶不上变化。小组必须能够适应并且队长必须能够处理在交战中各种噼里啪啦蹦出来的意外情况。

    另外一个关键因素是地形与环境的利用。无论交战发生在哪里,小队/小组都必须能辨别他们周遭的环境;掩体和隐蔽物是任何战术性移动 进攻和防御的关键条件。
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MISSION
    Despite what Mr. Johnson may have hired you for, the purpose or goal of small-unit tactics is to close with the enemy and defeat them through the use of fire and maneuvering. In the past, most supposed experts felt that despite the technological advantages a unit may have, victory could only be gained through close combat. But that was before magic and the proliferation of drone technology. And despite the advantages of both,they still have their inherent limits and drawbacks. This makes them key components of any team or unit, but usually as support assets or force multipliers. At some point,direct combatants will have to put fire on target.

    Aside from delivering accurate fire and maneuvering effectively, success depends on other factors as well.Flexibility and reacting properly to changes in a tactical situation is extremely vital because—as the saying goes—no plan survives contact with the enemy. Units must be able to adapt and leaders must be able to handle whatever surprises pop up in the course of an engagement.

    Another key factor is the use of the terrain and the environment. No matter where the engagement is taking place, a team/unit must be able to utilize their surroundings; cover and concealment are key elements in any tactical maneuver, offensive or defensive.

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #3 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 20:55:29 »
行动
在所有战术行动中,移动(或者说机动)都是至关重要的,因为没有它,向敌人投射火力的能力将极大降低。同时,机动并不是只在进攻中使用的。许多战术性移动都是防御性的,旨在提供保护和反击。机动和计划性的转移能为小队成员保持组织度并提供保护(动起来的目标更难被射中)。它也让一个单位能够在机会出现时从防御姿态切换到进攻姿态。在战斗中限制敌人的移动能力是战胜敌人重要的一步。

    为了做到这一点,大多数小队/小组都会使用既定的队形和规划好的行动模式进行移动。这些行为最大的好处就是保持对队员的控制力,只有知道你的小队/小组成员身处何方,你才能驾驭混乱的战斗环境。在战术网络、设备和软件被发明之前,大多数队伍必须互相保持相对近的距离以保持彼此的联系。在现代技术环境下,队长能够更好地指挥他的小队并且更迅速地根据情况做出回应以及组织火力。

    比那更好的是你有了更佳的安全保障,一个精心策划的队形在移动中能够提供360°的火力复盖方向。在编队中也能迅速、有序、协调地应对威胁。

    而第三个好处是灵活性,虽然队形看起来很死板,但实际上在战斗中能够提供极大的灵活性。一个能够灵活切换队形的队伍在应对敌人威胁的时候需要的响应时间更短。

    队形在战斗中很有用,但是当小队规模小于小组作战要求时,队形可能就并不会对每个小队都奏效,因为大多数队形都被设计成至少有8到10名队员,而狂奔者小队通常都达不到那个规模,也就是说,标准的队形可能需根据成员的特殊需要和人数进行调整,但它的核心概念依然可行。
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OPERATIONS
In all tactical operations, movement (or maneuver) is necessary because without it, the ability to put fire on an enemy target is greatly reduced. Also, maneuver is not just for offense. Many tactical maneuvers are defensive, designed to provide protection and counter enemy attacks. Maneuvers and planned movement enable units to maintain cohesion and provide protection for their members (it’s harder to hit a moving target).It also allows a unit to switch from defense to offense when opportunities present themselves. Preventing an enemy’s movement in combat is an important step toward defeating them.

    To accomplish this, most units/teams make use of set formations and planned patterns of movement. The big benefit of these is control. Knowing where your team/unit members are keeps you on top of chaotic combat situations. Before the development of tactical network devices and software, most teams had to stay in relatively close proximity to keep track of each other. With current technology, a team leader has greater command over their team and can respond more efficiently to situational changes and coordinate fire.

    On top of that you have the benefit of security. A well-planned formation provides 360-degree coverage as the unit/team maneuvers. Being in a formation also allows rapid, orderly, and coordinated response to threats.

    A third benefit is flexibility. While formations may seem rigid, they actually provide great flexibility in combat. A team that can transition from one formation to another has faster response times against enemy threats.

    Formations are useful in combat, but they are not always feasible for every unit or team. While they fall under the heading of small-unit tactics, most formations are designed for groups of at least eight to ten members. Shadowrunner teams usually aren’t that large,which means standard formations may need to be modified to suit their specific needs and strengths. The core concepts remain viable.
« 上次编辑: 2023-10-09, 周一 14:12:43 由 阿飘 »

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #4 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 20:58:12 »
【掩体与隐蔽物】
    人们对在战术情况下的这两个词有一种普遍的误解,认为它们都是一样,但并不。隐蔽物是一个能够让战斗者在周围环境中隐蔽的简单位置。如果战斗者的任何一个身体部位被发现,那么隐蔽物就不在其效果并且应当被放弃。因为这种位置不能抵抗任何种类的敌军火力。

    相反,掩体是一个能为战斗者抵挡一些敌军火力的位置而且通常也提供隐蔽性。例如一簇树丛可能给战斗者提供藏身之地,但是它不能抵挡敌军火力,而一堵混凝土墙既能提供藏身之地也可以抵挡敌军火力。
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COVER AND CONCEALMENT
    There is a common misconception about the meaning of both words in a tactical situation. Most think cover and concealment are the same, but they aren’t. Concealment is simply a position where, under normal circumstances, a combatant cannot be observed. If any part of the combatant can be seen, concealment is ineffective and should be abandoned because such a position does not offer any kind of protection against enemy fire.
    Conversely, cover is a position that offers a combatant at least some measure of protection against enemy fire and usually offers concealment as well. The general rule of thumb is that concealment is not cover, but cover can also be concealment. For example, a group of trees and bushes may conceal a combatant’s position, but it will offer no protection against enemy fire, while a concrete wall can provide both.

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #5 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 21:03:43 »
关于机动
当为了一项任务进行计划和准备的时候,有几项因素需要被考虑到。其一,便是侦察——你做过侦察准备吗?情报对于任何任务都是至关重要的;越多越好。特别是那些能够避免冲突的情报。

    队伍间距。尽管有了现代科技,小组中的成员也需要与其他成员保持相对近的距离以互相支援。相反,他们也需要保持足够的距离以提供行动空间,最大化火力面积,并且避免聚在一起被敌人的火力一网打尽。适当的间距也能提供更好的事态感知能力,因为有更多的眼睛盯住更多的方向。

    行动安全。魔法、无人机和矩阵的应用让作行动安全工作比以前更加艰难。在现代,隐藏一个人的需要的不仅仅是迷彩和几丛灌木。良好的行动安全要追溯到侦察——了解身处的地区,了解可能的阻力,并且根据这些情报进行计划和行动。

    掩体和隐蔽物同样是行动的关键考虑因素。选择有掩体和隐蔽物的行动路线,避开开阔地区对保命有好处;尤其是当必然出错的事情出错时。

    速度。如果一支队伍过于谨慎,行动过于缓慢,被发现的几率其实会上升。相反地,不论是想要给敌人一个惊喜还是由于时间紧迫,过于激进都会导致粗心和错误的发生。每种局势都各有不同,而你的小队必须充分意识到知道需要什么并且足够灵活才能行动。

    指挥与控制。你可能认为在现代科技下它不是个问题,但你错了。虽然现代科技让我们能做到的五年前能想到的东西还多。但没有什么东西是100%可靠的。你必须有一套应对通讯设备故障的预备方案。即使在这个科技奇迹的时代,那些好用的老派手语仍然在战斗中有着一席之地。
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MANEUVER CONSIDERATIONS
When planning and practicing combat maneuvers for
any mission, there are several factors to consider. First,
recon. As in, have you done any? Intelligence is essen-
tial to any mission combat; the more the better. Espe-
cially if it allows you to avoid combat altogether.
    Dispersion. Even with modern technologies, a unit needs to stay proximate enough for individual members to support each other. Conversely, they need to maintain enough distance to keep their options open, maximize effective fields of fire, and avoid bunching together into an easy target. Proper dispersion also allows for better situational awareness because more eyes can look in more directions.

    Operational security. The use of magic, drones, and the Matrix have made OpSec more difficult than ever
before. In modern combat, it takes more to hide one’s presence than camo fatigues and some tree-branches.Good OpSec goes back to recon—know your area, know your opposition, and plan/act accordingly.

    Cover and Concealment are also key considerations to any operation. Using routes where cover or concealment is available and avoiding areas where there is none will help prevent the loss of lives; especially when—not if—things go wrong.

    Speed. If a team is too cautious, moves too slowly,risk of detection actually increases. Conversely, moving too rapidly—whether trying to surprise your opponent or due to time constraints—can lead to carelessness and mistakes. Every situation is different, and your team must be aware enough to know what’s needed and flexible enough to deliver.

    Command and control. You may think that modern technology has made this a non-issue, but you’d be wrong. While it’s true modern tech lets us do more than was imagined even five years ago, nothing is one hundred percent reliable. There must be a backup plan in place in case communications are compromised. Even in this age of technological wonders, good old-fashioned hand-signals still have their place in combat.
« 上次编辑: 2023-10-09, 周一 14:20:22 由 阿飘 »

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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #6 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 21:13:48 »
进攻与防御

    进攻是小组作战中最多被应用的部分,也就是你朝着敌人开枪的时候。防守则是避免敌人朝着你开枪。不怎么迷人,不怎么激动。但是如果你想活到有机会进攻的时候,那还真的挺重要的。
    在小组战术中,进攻行为有四大类别,仓促、谨慎、突袭和伏击。
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OFFENSE AND DEFENSE
    Offense is the area of small-unit tactics that gets most people going because that’s when you put fire on the target. Defense is about preventing the other guy from putting fire on you. Less glamorous, less exciting, but really important if you want to survive long enough to get on offense.
    In small-unit tactics there are four broad types of offensive actions: hasty, deliberate, raid, and ambush.

    简单的说,仓促的攻击就是那些“哎呦卧槽”的情况发生之时,你必须马上扣动扳机。小队/小组用手头有的一切发起攻击然后祈祷能够奏效。仓促攻击可能源于一个错误,比如说侦察不够,或者是被敌人来了一次意想不到的突袭,也可能是己方利用了一个意外出现的机会。不管是什么引起了仓促进攻,他的成败都取决与每一个小队成员在一瞬间注意到该做什么——而这取决于小队合作的训练。
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    Simply put, a hasty attack is that “Oh drek!” moment when you have to pull that trigger now. The team/unit attacks with whatever is on hand at the time and hopes it’s enough. A hasty attack could result from a mistake on your part, such as insufficient reconnaissance, or being surprised by an unexpected action on the part of the enemy, but it can just as likely be a case of taking advantage of an unexpected opportunity. No matter what triggers the hasty attack, its success depends on every team member knowing what to do at an instant’s notice—and that depends on training to work together as a unit.

    谨慎攻击是被计划好的。即使计划在与敌人的交火中被打乱,每个小队成员都知道—或者应该知道—他们该达成什么目标,并且对于敌人会对友军带来什么样的伤害心里有数。
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    A deliberate attack is planned. Even though no plan survives contact with the enemy, in a deliberate attack every team member knows—or should know—what the objective is and has some idea what assets the enemy is bringing to the party.

    突袭是经典的打了就跑战术;快速突击,快速撤退。几乎所有的突袭都包括以小博大的攻击。突袭可以被用来评估敌人力量或者收集其他情报——例如敌人中有谁或者他们在防御中着重保护着什么。突袭可以针对敌人的支援设备或者补给,目的是夺取它们或使它们无用化。突袭同样可以用来进行窃取或者撤离任务,或者破坏和阻滞敌军的行动。突袭,特别是对多个或间接目标的突袭,需要全面地规划、周密地准备并充分利用行动时间。
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    Raids are classic hit-and-run attacks; rapid assault and rapid withdrawal. Almost all raids involve a smaller force attacking a larger one. The raid can be used to assess enemy strength or gather other intel—such as who’s in the group or what they move to protect when attacked. Raids can target enemy support or supplies, with the goal of either taking them or making them useless to the enemy. Raids can be used for theft or extraction,for diversions from the real theft or extraction, or as disruptions and delays to enemy operations. Raids—particularly raids with multiple or indirect objectives—require comprehensive planning, careful preparation, and split-second timing to execute.

    伏击是一种特殊情况。周全的计划和良好的掩护是一次优秀伏击的成功秘诀,到目前为止,这都是真的。但是到伏击时刻来临之际,你那些紧张不安的小队成员的自制力可能就会把局势变成另一种情况。因为没什么比某人在敌军尚有反击之力时漏出马脚能更迅速地把一场伏击搞成灾难(风波)了。当然,特定的伏击战况取决于你在哪里和谁打,但你也应该制定一个基本策略,发挥你小队的特殊优势。根据策略进行演习,直到所有人都能在压力来临之际保持冷静,然后准备让你的敌人在被撂倒之前吓得尿裤子吧。
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   The ambush is a special case. Common wisdom is the secret to a good ambush is good planning and good cover, and that’s true as far as it goes. But when the time comes, it’s the self-control of your jumpiest team member that makes all the difference. Because nothing turns an ambush into a drekstorm faster than someone giving the game away while your enemy’s still in a position to do something about it. Specific ambush tactics will depend on where and whom you’re fighting, of course, but you should develop a basic strategy that plays to your teams particular strengths. And practice; drill until everyone can stay frosty when the pressure’s on. Then get ready to make your opponents shit in their pants right before they go down.

    防御机动或设置防御阵地的步骤与发起攻击相似。计划表现于建立防御阵地或机动以摆脱交战区域。
    例如在你的小队和进攻部队之间设置许多障碍或者交叉火力网。在敌人发起攻击之前发现他们的意图,使己方有机会反击并限制敌人进行机动。这些能让你的人在攻势中利用或创造一个敌人的弱点并就此进行防御,也让防御部队能够巩固防线,休整,甚至有可能发起一次反击。
剧透 -   :
    The steps for defensive maneuvering or setting up defensive positions are similar to initiating an attack.Planning consists of establishing a defensive position or maneuvering to get out of the engagement zone.For example, putting as many obstacles between your team and the attacking force or setting up overlapping fields of fire.
    Early detection of an enemy’s intentions before they attack allows opportunities to counter an attack and prevent them from maneuvering. This can also allow for the exploitation—or creation—of any weaknesses in an attack and allow the defending team to consolidate, reorganize, and possibly initiate a counterattack.

【进攻只需要简单六步】
1.计划并准备
2.定位并且明确敌军目标
3.辨识并利用敌军弱点
4.开始进攻(并继续评估任何敌军弱点)
5.以利用弱点为目的进行机动
6.巩固、休整并继续发起攻击,反击或者脱离交战。
剧透 -   :
[ATTACKING IN JUST SIX (EASY) STEPS]
1. Plan and Prepare
2. Locate and target the enemy
3. Identify and exploit enemy weaknesses
4. Begin attack (continue to assess for any weaknesses)
5. Maneuver to exploit weaknesses
6. Consolidate forces and reorganize to continue attack,counterattack, or disengage
« 上次编辑: 2023-10-09, 周一 14:36:14 由 阿飘 »

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  • Peasant
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Re: 【RG】小组战术:基础SMALL UNIT TACTIC: BASICS P94-96
« 回帖 #7 于: 2018-04-11, 周三 21:18:17 »
【爆炸的乐趣】
    良好的机动性是在战斗环境下获胜或着活下来的关键。但是没有什么比一个工作良好的爆炸装置更能毁掉狂奔者美好的一天了。从简易爆炸装置(IEDs)到复杂的无线起爆设备,炸药被用于多种多样的战斗目的。

    一个目的是限制敌人的战术选择和机动性。战略性的爆炸物放置可以让敌人无法进入一片区域。地雷就是这个战略的经典例子;地雷迫使敌人要么寻找一条安全的路穿过去,要么就是从别的地方绕开雷区。穿过雷区不仅危险而且耗费时间,还会让整个小队暴露在危险中不堪一击。相反,寻找一条安全的迂回路线,往好了说,可能极其耗时;往坏了说,根本不可能。地雷(或者是任何排列好的炸弹)可以将敌人引入死路,伏击区,甚至是更加危险的陷阱。

    第二个目的是安保与防御。地雷或者其他诡雷,例如手雷与拌线的组合,将其沿着向防御设施靠近的方向设置就能提供预警并且削弱敌军力量。的确,还有更复杂的触发方式,比如说压力板,运动探测器和无线传输扫描。但是原始的拌线是大大多数现代扫描设备忽视的。

    第三个经常被忽视的目的就是心理战的运用。就像一名狙击手可以用区区几枪就压制住一个小组并且逐渐摧毁它的凝聚力和士气,明显是被随机放置的爆炸物能够干扰敌人的协调能力。除了炸弹能造成的肉体威胁和需要照顾的伤员之外,因为对下一次爆炸发生的时间和地点毫不知情而产生的不确定性会对心理产生影响,导致踌躇和犹豫不决,让敌人对每一个选择都要再加考虑。对于那些必须处理这些问题的指挥者来说,这是一个艰巨的挑战,他们必须在处理好自己的疑虑的同时,也要找出让他们脱离困境的办法。

    不管那些爆炸物被如何使用,战地爆炸物都会是一个重大威胁,你的整个队伍都应该警惕它们能够做到什么事,而什么时候会遇上它们。
剧透 -   :
FUN WITH EXPLOSIVES
    The ability to maneuver during a combat situation is
crucial for success or survival, but nothing will ruin a team’s
day faster than a well-placed explosive device. Ranging from
ad hoc improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to sophisticated
wireless-detonated devices, explosives are used for a variety
of purposes in combat.

    One purpose is to limit an enemy’s options and mobility of enemy. Strategic placement of explosives can deny an enemy entire areas. Minefields are the classic example of this strategy; minefields force your enemy to either find a safe way through or look for an alternate route. Going through a minefield is not only dangerous and time consuming, but the team is dangerously exposed and vulnerable throughout the operation. Conversely, finding a safe alternative is time-consuming at best and impossible at worst. Minefields (or any arrangement of preset explosives) can also herd enemies into dead ends, ambushes, or more deadly traps.

    The second purpose is security and defense. Minefields or other explosive booby traps, such as grenades rigged with tripwires, that placed along the approaches to a defensive position can provide early warning and thin out the enemy’s ranks.True, there are more sophisticated triggers, such as pressure plates, motion sensors, and wireless transmission sensors, but the primitive tripwire is ignored by most modern scanners.

    A third and often overlooked purpose is psychological warfare. Just as a sniper can pin a unit down and undermine unit cohesion and morale with just a few shots, explosive devices placed at apparent random can disrupt enemy coordination. In addition to the physical threat of the explosives and the need to care for the wounded, the uncertainty of not knowing when or where the next explosion will go off has a psychological impact, causing hesitation and indecision,making targets second-guess every choice. This can be a particular challenge for leaders who must deal with their own doubts while holding their team together in addition to figuring out how to get them out of the situation alive.

    No matter how they are used, battlefield explosives are a significant threat, and your whole team should be alert and aware of what they can do, and when they may be coming.